National Association of Dental Professionals

Can dental implants cause sarcoma?
The authors of a recent article in the ADA journal report on a case of osteosarcoma that might potentially have been caused by a dental implant. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)  MedWorm Sponsored Message: Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.

Replacing congenitally missing lateral incisor?
I am interested in hearing others experiences regarding the practice of using mini implants in sites where there is a congenitally missing lateral incisor and the deciduous tooth is about to be lost, but full bone growth has not occurred in the patient yet. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)

Insurance coverage for part of implants?
The next question, patients often ask, is why insurance companies don’t pay for implants when they will pay for crowns? I just don’t have any good answers for them. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)

Riemser purchases curasan
RIEMSER Arzneimittel AG, a German pharmaceutical company, has purchased the worldwide specialty dental business of Curasan AG, including its three leading products: Cerasorb®, EpiGuide®, and REVOIS®. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)

The influence of pit and fissure sealants on infrared fluorescence measurements
Caries Res 2008;42:328-333 (DOI:10.1159/000151327) (Source: Caries Research)

The effect of wavelet and discrete cosine transform compression of digital radiographs on the detection of subtle proximal caries
Caries Res 2008;42:334-339 (DOI:10.1159/000151328) (Source: Caries Research)  MedWorm Sponsored Message: Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.

Host and microbiological factors related to dental caries development
Caries Res 2008;42:340-347 (DOI:10.1159/000151329) (Source: Caries Research)

Maxillary complete denture movement during chewing in mandibular removable partial denture wearers
Gerodontology 2008; doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2008.00248.xMaxillary complete denture movement during chewing in mandibular removable partial denture wearersObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of maxillary complete denture movement during chewing for free-end removable partial dentures (RPD) wearers, compared with maxillary and mandibular complete denture wearers.Materials and methods: Eighteen edentulous participants (Group I) and 10 volunteers with bilateral posterior edentulous mandibles (Group II) comprised the sample. Measures of mean denture movement and its variability were obtained by a kinesiographic instrument, during the mastication of bread and a polysulphide block. Data were analysed using two-way anova ([alpha] = 0.05).Results: Upper movement during chewing was significantly lower for Group II, regardless of the test food. The test food did not influence the vertical or lateral position of the denture bases, but more anterior dislocation was found when polysulphide blocks were chewed. Group II presented lower intra-individual variability for the vertical axis. Vertical displacement was also more precise with bread as a test food.Conclusion: It can be concluded that mandibular free-end RPD wearers show smaller and more precise movements than mandibular complete denture wearers. (Source: Gerodontology)

Fracture force of tooth–tooth- and implant–tooth-supported all-ceramic fixed partial dentures using titanium vs. customised zirconia implant abutments
Tooth-coloured customised implant abutments and full ceramic supraconstructions thereon can be made of zirconia by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). The aim of this study was to examine the potential limits of zirconia three-unit fixed partial dentures made on customised zirconia implant abutments in implant-tooth supported cases. Rigidly mounted implants (XiVE-S diameter 3.8 mm; length 11 mm; Friadent, Germany) were placed in PMMA-moulds pairwise with human molars at a distance of 10 mm in groups #1 and #2. Control group #3 consisted of two molars without implant involvement. Beforehand all molar roots were covered with polyether (Impregum: 3 M Espe, Germany) to simulate periodontal mobility. The abutments in #1 were individually fabricated from CerconBase and luted on experimental titanium bases (both: DeguDent, Germany). In #2, industrially prefabricated titanium abutments (Friadent) were used. All molar teeth were provided with a circumferential chamfer preparation. Three-unit fixed partial dentures were fabricated from CerconBase/CerconKiss in a CAM-process (Material/devices: DeguDent) for all test groups (n=8/group). All fixed partial dentures were cemented with RelyXUnicem (3 M Espe), thermomechanically loaded (TCML=1.2 × 106× 50 N; 6000 × 5°/55°) and fracture tested in a Universal Test Machine (UTM 1446: Zwick, Germany). None of the dentures failed during TCML, and the Cercon abutments showed no damage either to the bonding surface to titanium or to the ceramic itself. Two fixation screws in group #1 broke towards the end of TCML. Fracture test result (Median and 25-/75-Percentiles) were: #1 1190 (1046/2008), #2 991 (832/1402), #3 1331 (1224/1428). All restoration alternatives showed sufficient fracture resistance for posterior regions. To cite this article:Kolbeck C, Behr M, Rosentritt M, Handel G. Fracture force of tooth[mdash]tooth- and implant[ndash]tooth-supported all-ceramic fixed partial dentures using titanium vs. customised zirconia implant abutments. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx (Source: Clinical Oral Implants Research)

Multilevel modeling of gingival bleeding on probing in young adult carriers of non-jp2-like strains of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Abstract  The influence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on inflammation in subjects with gingivitis has not been studied in great detail. Seventeen healthy young adults with plaque-induced gingivitis or localized mild chronic periodontitis harboring cultivable numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans were thoroughly examined. Samples of subgingival plaque were obtained from mesial surfaces of all teeth present. In addition, 12 oral mucosal surfaces and unstimulated saliva were sampled. Species identity, presence of the leukotoxin gene, and absence of a specific 530 b deletion in the leukotoxin promoter region indicating non-JP2-like strains were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. Based on a multilevel random intercept model adjusted for probing depth, age, and smoking status, the odds of bleeding on probing was increased by a factor of 1.89 (1.09–3.29, p = 0.024) if, in addition to plaque, A. actinomycetemcomitans could be recovered from the site. At a site without visible supragingival plaque but with cultivable numbers of subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans the odds ratio of bleeding on probing was 3.37 (0.86–13.2, p = 0.081). Simulating variance partition coefficients revealed that between 1–2% (a clean, shallow site without A. actinomycetemcomitans; a deep site covered by plaque containing A. actinomycetemcomitans) and 6–7% (a moderately deep site with neither visible plaque nor cultivable A. actinomycetemcomitans) of the residual variance was attributable to differences between subjects. The present cross-sectional study indicates that non-JP2-like strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans may enhance gingival bleeding tendency even in the absence of clinically visible supragingival plaque. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00784-008-0218-4Authors Hans-Peter Müller, Tromsø University Institute of Clinical Dentistry (IKO), Faculty of Medicine 9037 Breivika Norway Journal Clinical Oral InvestigationsOnline ISSN 1436-3771Print ISSN 1432-6981 (Source: Clinical Oral Investigations)

Evidence-based effectiveness of topical fluorides.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=PubMed_PubMed&from_uid=18694869">Related Articles</a></td></tr></table> Evidence-based Effectiveness of Topical Fluorides. Adv Dent Res. 2008;20(1):3-7 Authors: Marinho VC PMID: 18694869 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adv Dent Res)  MedWorm Sponsored Message: Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.

Is water fluoridation still necessary?
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=PubMed_PubMed&from_uid=18694870">Related Articles</a></td></tr></table> Is water fluoridation still necessary? Adv Dent Res. 2008;20(1):8-12 Authors: Kumar JV PMID: 18694870 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adv Dent Res)

How to maintain a cariostatic fluoride concentration in the oral environment.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=PubMed_PubMed&from_uid=18694871">Related Articles</a></td></tr></table> How to maintain a cariostatic fluoride concentration in the oral environment. Adv Dent Res. 2008;20(1):13-6 Authors: Cury JA, Tenuta LM PMID: 18694871 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adv Dent Res)

Strategies to enhance the biological effects of fluoride on dental biofilms.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=PubMed_PubMed&from_uid=18694872">Related Articles</a></td></tr></table> Strategies to enhance the biological effects of fluoride on dental biofilms. Adv Dent Res. 2008;20(1):17-21 Authors: Koo H PMID: 18694872 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adv Dent Res)

Dental clinic first in capital to offer vizilite oral cancer screening, london
Mouth Cancer kills one person every 3 hours in the UK because of late detection The London Day Surgery Centre (LDSC) is the first clinic in the Capital to offer ViziLite oral lesion screening, a new pain free technique for oral cancer, one of the fastest growing cancers in the UK. ViziLite Plus with TBlue is a painless, non-invasive examination. It helps detect abnormalities than can be early indicators of cancer. (Source: Dentistry News From Medical News Today)

The occurrence of porosity in reline acrylic resins. effect of microwave disinfection
Gerodontology 2008; doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2008.00251.xThe occurrence of porosity in reline acrylic resins. Effect of microwave disinfectionBackground: Microwave energy has proved to be an effective method for disinfecting acrylic dentures. However, the effect of microwave heating on the porosity of autopolymerising denture reline resins has not been investigated. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of microwave disinfection on the porosity of autopolymerised denture reline materials (Kooliner-K, New Truliner-NT, Tokuso Rebase Fast-TR and Ufi Gel Hard-UGH) and a conventional heat-polymerised denture base resin (Lucitone 550-L).Material and methods: Specimens (10 mm × 20 mm × 1 mm) were obtained from the impression surface of the palatal mucosa in a single person and divided into four groups (n = 5). The porosity was evaluated after polymerisation (C1), after two cycles of microwave disinfection (MW2), after seven cycles of microwave disinfection (MW7) and after 7 days storage in water at 37°C (C2). Specimens from group MW7 were exposed to microwave disinfection daily being stored in water at 37°C between exposures. All the replicas were sputter coated with gold and micrographs/digital images were taken of each replica using scanning electron microscopy at magnification × 100. The SEM micrographs were then examined using an image analyser to determine the number of pores. Comparison between materials and groups were made using Kruskal[ndash]Wallis tests.Results: MW7 resulted in a significant increase in the number from the pores of material K, but decreased in number in reline material TR and UGH reline resin. The number of pores in materials NT and L remained unaffected following microwave disinfection.Conclusion: Differences in the porosity amongst the materials and for different experimental conditions were observed following microwave disinfection. (Source: Gerodontology)  MedWorm Sponsored Message: Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.

Tmd and gohai indices of brazilian institutionalised and community-dwelling elderly
Gerodontology 2008; doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2008.00250.xTMD and GOHAI indices of Brazilian institutionalised and community-dwelling elderlyRationale and objectives: Considering the controversy in the literature regarding several aspects of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) in elderly populations and the absence of reliable data on elderly Brazilians in this field, this study consisted of an evaluation of TMD prevalence and the self-perception of oral health among institutionalised and community-dwelling elderly in São José dos Campos, Brazil.Methods: Two hundred and fifteen community-dwelling and 185 institutionalised elderly people were evaluated by the Helkimo anamnestic (Ai) and clinical dysfunction (Di) indices and answered a questionnaire using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI).Results: The major prevalence of TMD symptoms was for the Ai0 (symptom-free) group (69.5%), while the major prevalence of clinical signs was for the DiI (mild) group (56%). Women presented a higher AiII classification than men ([chi]2 test, p = 0.049). Community-dwelling elderly presented a significantly lower Ai0 classification than the institutionalised ones (Two ratios equality test, p < 0.001). There was no relationship between the institutionalised status and the clinical dysfunction index for Di0 and DiIII classification (Two ratios equality test, p = 0.194 and 0.535 respectively). The institutionalised elderly presented greater (One-way anova = 0.005) self-perception of oral health (33.45) than did the community-dwelling group (32.66). There were only weak Pearson's correlations among the anamnestic ([minus]33.0%) or clinical ([minus]14.7%) findings by the TMD and GOHAI indices. Symptom-free (Ai0) institutionalised elderly presented better scores in all GOHAI dimensions and elderly representing an absence of clinical TMD signs (Di0) presented higher GOHAI physical dimension scores in both groups.Conclusions: The prevalence of TMD symptoms among this sample of elderly individuals was relatively low, self-perception of oral health was reasonable and a weak, inverse correlation was found between TMD signs and symptoms and elderly self-perception of oral health measured by the GOHAI index. (Source: Gerodontology)

Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease in the united arab emirates
International Dental Journal 58(4): 248-251 The United Arab Emirates (UAE) form part of the Arabian peninsular with a population of about 4 million. One of the major health care challenges is the lack of national data, however, it is known that UAE has the second highest prevalence of diabetes worldwide with 25% of the population affected. Deaths related to diabetes are a serious problem and relate to genetic disposition, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity, with a high genetic susceptibility to insulin resistance. Diabetics have a higher prevalence and more severe forms of periodontal disease which leads to an impaired quality of life and to oral functional disability. Periodontal disease is frequently overlooked as a complication of diabetes and there are few referrals from physicians or endocrinologists to dentists. There is a similar lack of data in UAE on oral health. Recommendations include strategies that focus on prevention of diabetes, improved awareness about diabetes at professional level and in the community, highlighting the importance of oral health. (Source: International Dental Journal)

Oral management of the diabetic patient
International Dental Journal 58(4): 244-247 There is good evidence to support the claim that certain oral diseases may be more prevalent among diabetic patients than non-diabetic people. Similarly, studies have shown that management of certain oral conditions, especially periodontitis, can impact glycemie control in people with diabetes mellitus. Given that more than a quarter of a million people worldwide are affected by either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, all dentists will encounter patients with diabetes. Dental practitioners must be aware of the implications of this relationship and manage their patients' oral health care accordingly. This paper outlines the oral complications of diabetes mellitus and considerations for treatment of diabetic patients. (Source: International Dental Journal)

Diabetes and periodontal disease
International Dental Journal 58(4): 237-243 Epidemiological data demonstrate a clear link between periodontal disease and diabetes, and individuals with diabetes, particularly if poorly controlled, are at risk for advanced periodontitis. Diabetes is increasingly viewed as an inflammatory condition and dysregulated immune-inflammatory responses in diabetes may increase susceptibility to periodontal disease by disrupting local cytokine networks in the periodontium. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are important in the pathogenesis of both diseases, and together with other pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, may provide a mechanistic link between the two diseases. Altered neutrophil function and deposition of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are also likely to be important in the increased susceptibility to periodontal disease seen in people with diabetes. Emerging data suggest that treating periodontal disease may have a beneficial effect on glycaemic control, and highlight the need to incorporate a full periodontal examination into management strategies for patients with diabetes. It is clear that the dental team must become increasingly involved in the management of patients with diabetes, and it is recommended that periodontal screening of all patients diagnosed with diabetes is undertaken as a matter of routine. (Source: International Dental Journal)

Diabetes mellitus, its management and complications
International Dental Journal 58(4): 231-236 Diabetes is a condition in which there is a chronically raised blood glucose concentration caused by an absolute or relative lack of insulin due to insufficient production by the pancreas, or a deficit in the insulin action for the body's needs. There are two main types, type 1 which is general acute and seen in children and type 2 which the most common, is chronic and is seen in adults. Pathological effects associated with diabetes include macrovascular (heart, brain and extremities) and microvascular (eye, kidney and nerve tissue) complications. In particular, diabetes is regarded as a form of ischaemic heart disease, involving infarction, heart failure, CVA and paralysis. With regard to the extremities, peripheral vascular disease can lead to ulceration, poor healing, gangrene and possibly amputation. On the microvascular level diabetes can lead to retinopathy, cataracts, glaucoma and blindness, to nephropathy and kidney failure as well as autonomie neuropathy. Early diagnosis is vital so that other systemic consequences can be prevented by effective treatment. (Source: International Dental Journal)  MedWorm Sponsored Message: Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.

A call to action for integrated case management of the diabetic patient
International Dental Journal 58(4): 230-230 (Source: International Dental Journal)

Introduction
International Dental Journal 58(4): 229-229 (Source: International Dental Journal)

Clinical evaluation of medications on oral and dental health
International Dental Journal 58(4): 218-222 Objective: To evaluate the effect of medications on oral and dental health on a group of dental patients taking drugs regularly. Methods: The study comprised two groups, the medication group included 328 dental patients regularly taking medication and the control group of 201 dental patients who took no medication. The patients were questioned about occurrence of self-reported oral dryness and were evaluated for the occurrence of any oral mucosal lesions, gingival recession, bleeding and enlargement, alveolar bone resorption, dental caries, any restorations and missing teeth were recorded. Data were statistically analysed with chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between medication and control groups for oral mucosal lesions, gingival recession and enlargement but a statistically significant difference (p (Source: International Dental Journal)

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder
International Dental Journal 58(4): 213-217 Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients presenting with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in a random and placebo-controlled research design. Methods: The sample consisted of 40 patients, divided into an experimental group (G1) and a placebo group (G2). The treatment was done with an infrared laser (830nm, 500mW, 20s, 4J/point) at the painful points, once a week for four consecutive weeks. The patients were evaluated before and after the treatment through a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Craniomandibular Index (CMI). Results: The baseline and post-therapy values of VAS and CMI were compared by the paired T-test, separately for the placebo and laser groups. A significant difference was observed between initial and final values (p0.05). Conclusion: After either placebo or laser therapy, pain and temporomandibular symptoms were significantly lower, although there was no significant difference between groups. The low-level laser therapy was not effective in the treatment of TMD, when compared to the placebo. (Source: International Dental Journal)

The susceptibility of bleached enamel to staining as measured by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (qlf)
International Dental Journal 58(4): 208-212 Objectives: To report the use of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) to determine if there was a tendency for bleached enamel to take up extrinsic stains more than unbleached enamel. Methods: Bovine teeth devoid of stains were selected, the roots removed and enamel gently pumiced. Each tooth was sectioned into two and each half randomly assigned to two groups (bleached or unbleached). Windows were created on each half using clear acid resistant varnish. 38% Hydrogen peroxide gel was applied to the exposed windows of the bleached group for 1 hour. The teeth were rinsed and dried. Bleached and unbleached halves of the same teeth were then mounted on glass rods attached to pot lids using green stick. QLF images were taken. The teeth were subjected to a cycle of artificial saliva, chlorhexidine and tea (2 minutes in each solution). This was repeated 5 times. QLF images were taken at the end of each cycle. Results: The uptake and progression of stain was detected in all the sections by QLF. Using paired t- test (SPSS) there was no significant difference between the two groups for the change from baseline to the final stain cycle (p>0.05), however there was variability in stain uptake within the groups as the cycles progressed. Conclusion: Bleaching of enamel in vitro does not appear to increase the susceptibility of enamel to extrinsic staining. (Source: International Dental Journal)  MedWorm Sponsored Message: Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.

Risk perception of occupational hazards among dental health care workers in a dental hospital in turkey
International Dental Journal 58(4): 199-207 Aims: To determine the factors associated with the level of occupational risk perceived by dental health care workers (DHCW), and to define the perceived sources of hazards. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Izmir Dental Hospital in Turkey. Participants: All employees (n=308) in the hospital. Methods: Data were collected by a questionnaire in 2007. Respondents rated their degree of individual risk that could be associated with the procedures they perform on a 10-point scale and listed the hazards they faced. Those with a score >9 were classified as a high-risk perception group. We assessed the relation between variables using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Response rate was 90.3%. 57.2% of DHCW had a high-risk perception. Having children, job category and management's commitment to safety were related to the risk perception. DHCWwho used preventive measures regularly and experienced an occupational accident in the previous year were 2.29 and 2.77 times more likely to have a high-risk perception. The perceived sources of hazards differed by job category. Conclusions: Risk perception is an initial step in developing procedures to minimise occupational risks and occupation specific risk management approaches should be performed. (Source: International Dental Journal)

Oral and dental conditions presenting to medical practitioners in trinidad and tobago
International Dental Journal 58(4): 194-198 Objectives: To describe the type and frequency of oral and dental conditions presenting to medical practitioners in Trinidad and Tobago, type of management, and interest in continuing education in oral diseases. Method: Cross sectional survey of registered medical practitioners in Trinidad. 20-item self-reported questionnaire. Results: 103 medical practitioners participated in the study (response rate 69%). Mean age 33 years. Mean years since qualifying was 8 years and 72% worked mainly in hospital service or private practice (19%); 67% had seen patients with a dental problems, with 69% of those at least as frequently as once a month. Most frequently seen problems were dental abscess (72.5%) and toothache (59.4%). In the case of dental abscess and oral mucosal infection 31.9% and 63.8% respectively, diagnosed and treated before referring. 84% cent expressed interest in receiving continuing education in oral diseases. Conclusions: In the context of access to oral care in Trinidad and Tobago, medical practitioners appear to be important providers and may benefit from further training in the diagnosis and management of oral diseases. (Source: International Dental Journal)

Infection control attitudes and perceptions among dental students in latin america: implications for dental education
International Dental Journal 58(4): 187-193 Latin American dental schools are at diverse stages in the continuum of implementation of infection control (IC) programmes that comply with evidence-based recommendations. Poor IC training may result in low compliance and negative attitudes against patients infected with blood borne pathogens (BBP). Objective: To evaluate students' knowledge on IC and attitudes toward occupational BBP risks, in six dental schools in Latin America. Methods: This survey was administered to convenience samples of dental students at one school in Costa Rica; four schools in Mexico, and one in Venezuela. The questionnaire included Likert-type scale evaluations of agreement with statements. Study variables included knowledge about and confidence in recommended IC procedures, degree of concern about HIV and HBV transmission in dental settings, and attitudes toward patients infected with BBP. Possible associations between variables were analysed using Pearson's Chi square and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: Substantial numbers of students had incomplete knowledge and often lacked confidence on IC and procedures; believed that HIV and HBV could be transmitted during clinical procedures; felt worried about occupational exposure to BBP, and held prejudices towards HIV and HBV infected individuals. Conclusions: Educational efforts are needed to enhance IC teaching and compliance. Diverse educational resources and international networks for research collaboration are available from organisations specialised in IC, hopefully paving the way to harmonising regional standards. (Source: International Dental Journal)

Impact of the curriculum on chinese dental students' tobacco control attitudes and beliefs: a case study in harbin, china
International Dental Journal 58(4): 181-186 Smoking is a major public health problem in China. Dentists can participate in tobacco control activity. Aim: To report the curriculum impact on dental students' tobacco control attitudes and beliefs in Harbin Dental School, Harbin, China. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study using the Global Health Professionals Survey self-complete questionnaire, assessing respondents': tobacco use prevalence, second-hand smoke exposure, knowledge and attitudes regarding tobacco control, smoking and cessation, and the content of the dental school's curriculum and training on tobacco effects and patient counselling. Third, 4th and 5th year undergraduates and postgraduate students participated in December 2005. Results: The response rate was 96%. Current smoking prevalence was 4% whilst 74% reported exposure to second hand smoke in the previous week. There was variable recall of aspects of teaching, 12% reporting receiving formal smoking cessation training. Respondents were extremely positive in their professional behaviour beliefs but less about population based tobacco control. There was no relationship between curriculum recall and positive beliefs and attitudes about tobacco control. Conclusions: In this sample of Chinese dental students a low current smoking prevalence and high levels of exposure to second hand smoke were reported. Varying levels of recall of tobacco control aspects of the dental curriculum existed. Positive tobacco control attitudes and beliefs were reported, but this did not necessarily correlate with aspects of the curriculum content. (Source: International Dental Journal)

Influence of cyclic torsional loading on the fatigue resistance of k3 instruments
Bahia MGA, Melo MCC, Buono VTL. Influence of cyclic torsional loading on the fatigue resistance of K3 instruments. International Endodontic Journal.Aim To evaluate the influence of cyclic torsional loading on the flexural fatigue resistance and torsional properties of rotary NiTi instruments.Methodology Twelve sets of new K3 instruments, sizes 20, 25 and 30 with an 0.04 taper, and sizes 20 and 25 with an 0.06 taper, were torsion tested until rupture, to establish their mean values of maximum torque and angular deflection. Twelve new K3 instruments of each of the following dimensions, size 30, 0.04 taper and sizes 20 and 25 with 0.06 taper, were tested to failure by rotation bending in a fatigue test device. Cyclic torsional loading was performed in 20 cycles from zero angular deflection to 180° and then return to zero applied torque. After cyclic loading, the same number of instruments were tested until rupture in torsion and flexural fatigue. Data obtained were subjected to a one way analysis of variance (anova) at 95% confidence level.Results Cyclic torsional loading caused no significant differences in maximum torque or in maximum angular deflection of the instruments analysed, but comparative statistical analysis between measured NCF values of new and previously cycled K3 instruments showed significant differences for all tested instrument. Longitudinal cracks, that is, cracks apparently parallel to the long axis of the instruments cycled in torsion was observed.Conclusions Cyclic torsional loading experiments in new K3 rotary endodontic instruments showed that torsional fatigue decreased the resistance of these instruments to flexural fatigue, although it did not affect their torsional resistance. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)  MedWorm Sponsored Message: Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.

The finite element analysis of the effect of ferrule height on stress distribution at post-and-core-restored all-ceramic anterior crowns
Abstract  The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ferrule with different heights on the stress distribution of dentin and the restoration-tooth complex, using the finite element stress analysis method. Three-dimensional finite element models simulating an endodontically treated maxillary central incisor restored with an all-ceramic crown were prepared. Three-dimensional models were varied in their ferrule height (NF: no ferrule, 1F: 1-mm ferrule, and 2F: 2-mm ferrule). A 300-N static occlusal load was applied to the palatal surface of the crown with a 135° angle to the long axis of the tooth. In addition, two post and core materials with different elastic modulus were evaluated. The differences in stress transfer characteristics of the models were analyzed. Maximum stresses were concentrated on force application areas (32.6–32.8 MPa). The stress values observed with the use of a 2-mm ferrule (14.1/16.8 MPa) were lower than the no-ferrule design (14.9/17.1 MPa) for both the glass fiber-reinforced and zirconium oxide ceramic post systems, respectively. The stress values observed with zirconium oxide ceramic were higher than that of glass fiber-reinforced post system. The use of a ferrule in endodontically treated teeth restored with an all-ceramic post-and-core reduces the values of von Mises stresses on tooth-restoration complex. At rigid zirconium oxide ceramic post system, stress levels, both at dentin wall and within the post, were higher than that of fiber posts. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00784-008-0217-5Authors Oğuz Eraslan, Selcuk University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics 42079 Kampus Konya TurkeyFiliz Aykent, Selcuk University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics 42079 Kampus Konya TurkeyM. Tolga Yücel, Selcuk University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics 42079 Kampus Konya TurkeySerhan Akman, Selcuk University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics 42079 Kampus Konya Turkey Journal Clinical Oral InvestigationsOnline ISSN 1436-3771Print ISSN 1432-6981 (Source: Clinical Oral Investigations)

Efficacy of denture cleansers on denture liners contaminated with candida species
Abstract  As poor denture hygiene is related to Candida colonisation, disinfectant solutions have been proposed as an effective method of preventing denture stomatitis. This study assessed the efficacy of denture cleansers on Candida albicans and Candida glabrata adherence on denture liners. Another aim was to correlate materials’ surface roughness (Ra) to Candida adherence. Specimens of three denture liners (soft and hard polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based and soft silicone-based) were prepared and had their Ra measured. Specimens were randomly divided to adherence assays with C. albicans or C. glabrata. After contamination with the fungi, specimens were treated with an enzymatic cleanser solution, a cleanser solution or a 0.5% NaOCl solution by soaking for 3, 15 or 10 min, respectively. Control group specimens were soaked in distilled water for 15 min. Number of remaining Candida cells after treatment was determined by light microscopy (×400). Analysis of variance (α = 0.05) showed that Ra of the silicone-based liner was lower than that of the PMMA-based liners (p < 0.05). The overall results showed high C. glabrata adherence (p < 0.001), while the lowest levels of remaining Candida cells were found for the treatment with 0.5% NaOCl (p = 0.0019). No difference among denture cleansers and control was found (p = 0.19). There was no correlation between Ra and C. albicans or C. glabrata adherence in all materials tested. The only treatment able to reduce both Candida species adherence on all materials tested was 0.5% NaOCl solution. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00784-008-0220-xAuthors Maria Áurea Feitosa Ferreira, State University of Campinas Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba Campinas São Paulo BrazilTatiana Pereira-Cenci, State University of Campinas Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba Campinas São Paulo BrazilLucíola Maria Rodrigues de Vasconcelos, State University of Campinas Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba Campinas São Paulo BrazilRenata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues-Garcia, State University of Campinas Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba Campinas São Paulo BrazilAltair Antoninha Del Bel Cury, State University of Campinas Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba Campinas São Paulo Brazil Journal Clinical Oral InvestigationsOnline ISSN 1436-3771Print ISSN 1432-6981 (Source: Clinical Oral Investigations)

Aap releases supplement on inflammation and overall health
The supplement to the Journal of Periodontology seeks to increase awareness of inflammation and periodontal diseases. (American Academy of Periodontology press release) (Source: American Academy of Periodontology News Releases)

Role of mdr1 gene polymorphisms in gingival overgrowth induced by cyclosporine in transplant patients.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/></tr></table> Role of MDR1 gene polymorphisms in gingival overgrowth induced by cyclosporine in transplant patients. J Periodontal Res. 2008 Aug 12; Authors: De Iudicibus S, Castronovo G, Gigante A, Stocco G, Decorti G, Di Lenarda R, Bartoli F Background and Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the association between genotypes of the MDR1 gene, encoding P-glycoprotein, and gingival overgrowth in transplant patients treated with cyclosporine, and to evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment in these patients. Material and Methods: Fifty transplant patients receiving therapy with cyclosporine and suffering from gingival overgrowth were subjected to nonsurgical periodontal treatment and received oral hygiene instructions. Hyperplastic index, periodontal probing depths, bleeding and plaque scores were recorded at baseline and after 3 and 6 mo. Patients were dichotomized into two groups: those with a hyperplastic index of < 30% (minimal gingival overgrowth) and those with a hyperplastic index of >/= 30% (clinically significant gingival overgrowth). MDR1 C3435T and G2677T polymorphisms were evaluated in all patients and in 100 controls. Results: At baseline, 32 patients (64%) had minimal gingival overgrowth and 18 patients (36%) had clinically significant gingival overgrowth. The mutated C3435T genotype was significantly more frequent in the second group (p < 0.019). The significant association between gingival overgrowth and the 3435TT genotype was confirmed by logistic regression analysis (p < 0.031). The differences in hyperplastic index, observed at baseline between patients with the TT genotype and those with the CC/CT genotype disappeared in the second and third evaluation. The mean monthly change of the square root of the gingival overgrowth scores for all patients, assessed using linear models, was significantly different from baseline (-0.17 points per month, p < 0.00001); and this was particularly evident in subjects with renal transplant (-1.62, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Aetiological periodontal and self-performed maintenance therapy is effective in reducing gingival overgrowth, particularly in subjects with the 3435TT genotype and in patients with renal transplant. PMID: 18702631 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Periodontal Research)

The relationship between periodontal disease and preterm low birthweight: clinical and microbiological results.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/></tr></table> The relationship between periodontal disease and preterm low birthweight: clinical and microbiological results. J Periodontal Res. 2008 Aug 12; Authors: Vettore MV, Leão AT, Leal MD, Feres M, Sheiham A Background and Objective: Findings on the effect of periodontal disease on preterm low birthweight are inconclusive. The objective of this study was to compare periodontal clinical measures and the levels and proportions of 39 bacterial species in subgingival biofilm samples in puerperal women with preterm low birthweight and nonpreterm low birthweight. Material and Methods: A case-control study with 116 postpartum women over 30 years of age was conducted. Four case groups of subjects with preterm and/or low birthweight [preterm (n = 40), low birthweight (n = 35), preterm and/or low birthweight (n = 50) and preterm and low birthweight (n = 25)] were compared with normal nonpreterm low-birthweight controls (n = 66). Periodontal clinical parameters of dental plaque, calculus, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded. Covariates included socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, smoking, alcohol consumption, obstetric history, prenatal care and diseases during pregnancy. Two subgingival biofilm samples per women were analyzed for 39 bacterial species using a checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Results: The mean periodontal pocket depth was significantly higher in nonpreterm low-birthweight controls than in subjects in the preterm low birthweight, preterm and/or low birthweight, and preterm and low-birthweight groups. Clinical attachment level measures were not different between all pairs of cases and control groups. Groups did not differ with respect to the mean proportions of different microbial complexes. The mean counts of Treponema socranskii were lower in all case groups compared with the control group. Conclusion: Maternal periodontal microbiota and clinical characteristics of periodontal disease were not associated with having preterm low-birthweight babies. PMID: 18702632 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Periodontal Research)  MedWorm Sponsored Message: Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.

Masticatory dysfunction in persons with down's syndrome. part 1: aetiology and incidence.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/></tr></table> Masticatory dysfunction in persons with Down's syndrome. Part 1: aetiology and incidence. J Oral Rehabil. 2008 Aug 12; Authors: Faulks D, Collado V, Mazille MN, Veyrune JL, Hennequin M The functional and anatomical characteristics of Down's syndrome have direct repercussions on oral health. Orofacial dysfunction is on account of poor neuromotor control, muscle weakness, dental anomalies, dysmorphology and intercurrent illness. In particular, feeding and swallowing are impaired. The aim of this first article was to summarize the orofacial difficulties encountered by persons with Down's syndrome at all stages of life and to explain their aetiology. Indicators are proposed for the identification of masticatory problems within this population and reduced masticatory efficiency is discussed in relation to repercussions on oral and general health and on the social integration of persons with Down's syndrome. A second article will describe techniques for preventing, treating and compensating for masticatory dysfunction in this population. PMID: 18702629 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation)

Elastomeric lumbar discs an advance for disc prostheses
This represents an important milestone in our plan to launch a full range of artificial disc prostheses based on our proprietary elastomeric disc technology. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)

Ostapek vertebral body replacement device receives fda approval
The Ostapek composite VBR design increases the volume of bone graft possible in a modular and stable construct, and we are convinced this improves the patient’s possibilities to create a viable, stable and definitive fusion. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)

Mini dental implants: advantages and techniques
Mini Dental Implants (MDI's) represent another stage in the development of implant dentistry. MDI’s are narrower than conventional dental implants and offer many unique advantages. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)

Nobel profit falls
Nobel Biocare Holding AG, the world's largest maker of dental implants, said second-quarter profit dropped 42 percent because of a weak U.S. dollar and lower demand in Europe and the U.S. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)  MedWorm Sponsored Message: Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.

Exposure of membrane: why?
One of the problems I am having is that when the patient returns for post-operative follow-up, they have the membrane over the graft site exposed. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)

Current thinking on connecting implants to natural teeth?
What is the current thinking about connecting implants to natural teeth? How many pontics can be supported, if any, by one implant splinted to natural teeth? (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)

Wide platform implants: should i splint them?
My patient has 8mm of bone height available for implant placement which will leave me about 2mm above his inferior alveolar nerve. Buccolingual width of bone is excellent and I have adequate room to place a wide platform implant. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)

New bacterial species found in human mouth
Scientists have discovered a new species of bacteria in the mouth. The finding could help scientists to understand tooth decay and gum disease and may lead to better treatments, according to research published in the August issue of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. (Source: Dentistry News From Medical News Today)

Complex endodontic treatment of an immature type iii dens invaginatus. a case report
Fregnani ER, Spinola LFB, Sônego JRO, Bueno CES, De Martin AS. Complex endodontic treatment of an immature type III dens invaginatus. A case report. International Endodontic Journal.Aim To report the endodontic treatment of an immature maxillary central incisor with dens invaginatus.Summary Dens invaginatus is a rare malformation of teeth, probably resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development. The present case describes the complex endodontic treatment of a type III dens invaginatus in an immature maxillary central incisor with a necrotic pulp and abscess formation. The initial treatment goal was to achieve apexification of the pseudocanal root and conservative root canal treatment in the main canal. Following 1-year of treatment with calcium hydroxide dressings, radiography revealed a healing response, but no sign of a hard tissue barrier at the apex. Periapical surgery with the placement of a zinc oxide cement (IRM) root-end filling was considered successful at the 4-year follow-up.Key learning points [bull] The complexity of the canal system and open apex in dens invaginatus present a challenge to endodontic treatment. [bull] Correct diagnosis and treatment planning are fundamental to treatment of dens invaginatus. [bull] Periapical surgery is indicated in cases of unsuccessful apexification in immature teeth with dens invaginatus and nonvital pulp. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)  MedWorm Sponsored Message: Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.

Treatment of inflammatory internal root resorption with mineral trioxide aggregate: a case report
Jacobovitz M, de Lima RKP. Treatment of inflammatory internal root resorption with mineral trioxide aggregate: a case report. International Endodontic Journal.Aim To report the treatment and follow-up of a maxillary central incisor with internal resorption managed by root canal treatment, white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) repair and a fibre-glass post for reinforcement.Summary This study presents a case of extensive internal root resorption affecting tooth 11 (FDI) in a 28-year-old male patient, with a history of trauma in that region. The substantial loss of tooth structure, including cementum, and a perforation with lateral periodontal communication were complicating factors. Despite a guarded prognosis but encouraged by a healthy periodontal condition, treatment based on reconstructing the tooth with white MTA and a fibre-glass core was carried out. Follow-up radiographs over 20 months demonstrated the maintenance of a functional tooth. The tooth did, however, discolour after MTA treatment.Key learning points [bull] Because of its insidious pathology, internal root resorption can extend to significant dimensions before being recognized. [bull] MTA plus the fitting of a fibre-glass post provided adequate, functional rehabilitation of a compromised tooth for 20 months. [bull] Despite the favourable biological and mechanical properties of white MTA, considerable tooth discolouration may occur. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)

Foreign body in the apical portion of a root canal in a tooth with an immature apex: a case report
Prabhakar AR, Namineni S, Subhadra HN. Foreign body in the apical portion of a root canal in a tooth with an immature apex: a case report. International Endodontic Journal, 2008.Aim To describe the successful retrieval of a foreign object located in the apical portion of an immature root canal by simple orthograde techniques, avoiding the need for surgery or intentional reimplantation.Summary A radio-opaque foreign object lodged in the apical portion of an immature root canal was discovered on radiographic examination of a patient with a complicated crown fracture. Attempts to retrieve it resulted in displacement into the periapical area. Eventually, the object was retrieved by a simple technique, followed by successful apexification, root canal filling and jacket crown placement.Key learning points [bull] Foreign bodies in root canals should be carefully evaluated to determine their nature, position, size and the degree of difficulty that may be encountered during retrieval. [bull] Patience, care and appropriate techniques may be helpful in retrieving foreign bodies and avoiding periapical surgery. [bull] Complicated crown fractures should be managed promptly, and prolonged open drainage avoided in children if the risks of foreign body impaction are to be minimized. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)

Neuropeptide y y1 receptor in human dental pulp cells of noncarious and carious teeth
El Karim IA, Lamey P-J, Linden GJ, Lundy FT. Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor in human dental pulp cells of noncarious and carious teeth. International Endodontic Journal.Aim To determine the distribution of the NPY Y1 receptor in carious and noncarious human dental pulp tissue using immunohistochemistry. A subsidiary aim was to confirm the presence of the NPY Y1 protein product in membrane fractions of dental pulp tissue from carious and noncarious teeth using western blotting.Methodology Twenty two dental pulp samples were collected from carious and noncarious extracted teeth. Ten samples were processed for immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody to the NPY Y1 receptor. Twelve samples were used to obtain membrane extracts which were electrophoresed, blotted onto nitrocellulose and probed with NPY Y1 receptor antibody. Kruskal[ndash]Wallis one-way analysis of variance was employed to test for overall statistical differences between NPY Y1 levels in noncarious, moderately carious and grossly carious teeth.Results Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor immunoreactivity was detected on the walls of blood vessels in pulp tissue from noncarious teeth. In carious teeth NPY Y1 immunoreactvity was observed on nerve fibres, blood vessels and inflammatory cells. Western blotting indicated the presence and confirmed the variability of NPY Y1 receptor protein expression in solubilised membrane preparations of human dental pulp tissue from carious and noncarious teeth.Conclusions Neuropeptide Y Y1 is expressed in human dental pulp tissue with evidence of increased expression in carious compared with noncarious teeth, suggesting a role for NPY Y1 in modulation of caries induced pulpal inflammation. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)

Modification of mineral trioxide aggregate. physical and mechanical properties
Camilleri J. Modification of mineral trioxide aggregate. Physical and mechanical properties. International Endodontic Journal.Aim To evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of two cements with a similar chemical composition to mineral trioxide aggregate and to attempt to improve their properties by producing a composite material.Methodology Two cement types were used: a mixture of calcium sulpho-aluminate cement and Portland cement (CSA) and calcium fluoro-aluminate cement (CFA) in conjunction with an admixture to improve the handling characteristics. Cements were mixed with an inert filler to produce cement composite. The setting time of the cements was evaluated using an indentation technique. The flexural and uni-axial compressive strengths and solubility of the cements and cement composites were evaluated. The properties of the materials were compared with proprietary brand glass[ndash]ionomer cement.Results The setting time of the CSA and CFA cements was less than 6 min. The use of an admixture to improve the handling properties tended to retard setting. CSA was stronger then CFA in both compression and flexure (P < 0.001). Addition of granite increased the flexural strength of both cements but reduced the compressive strength (P < 0.01). CFA absorbed more water then CSA. Addition of granite reduced the water uptake of both cements.Conclusions Both CSA and CFA cements had adequate setting times and compressive strength values when compared with proprietary brand glass[ndash]ionomer cement. CSA was superior to CFA and had more promise as a prospective dental material. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)